Mapping HVAC System Failures

Building data Analysis

Fat Pencil Studio is often asked to prepare exhibits for construction defect litigation. In most cases, this includes a detailed examination of the reasons behind the failure, as well as a comprehensive map of failure locations. The following examples illustrate our approach to showing HVAC systems failures in large residential buildings.

After reviewing the Architectural, Structural and MEP plans, as well as detailed logs documenting the nature and timing of the distinct failures, FPS was able to create an informational timeline of the events, and communicate the severity of the failure and disruption to the occupants.

Building diagrams

FPS created a simple 3d model of the building massing and floor plates, and overlaid the Mechanical plans showing coolant routes from the rooftop condenser units down to each floor.

The 3 dimensional volume is supported by 2d elevation diagrams of the coolant routes as supported by the original MEP plans. The simplified view aims to show the main idea behind this type of system.

Systems diagrams

It was important for FPS to create information system diagrams, which trace the refrigerant line routes from the rooftop Condenser Units (CU) down to Heat Recovery Units (HRU) situated at each floor. These in turn feed the Fan Coils (FC), which distribute air to the diffusers in each apartment. This was the building systems cycle which was being affected.

Zones

The building systems were set up in 2 distinct zones. One set of Condenser Units (CU) were responsible for providing refrigerant to the upper floors, while another set provided refrigerant to the lower half of the building. Each refrigerant supply 'tree' is distinct from the other, but functions in a similar manner.

Failures over time

One of the main objectives was to show the frequency and locations of failures over the designated period of time. Given spreadsheet data obtained by the building forensics expert, FPS was able to create an animated graphic, which highlighted the affected condensers (CU) and the floors they serve.

Building diagrams

The second project was not nearly as tall as the tower and presented the opportunity to view the entire building at a glance. By positioning a camera in an oblique isometric view, and making the roof transparent, it was possible to generate an image where both facades were visible. This created an open backdrop for mapping.

'Measles' Building diagram

Using the data provided, FPS created a simple animation showing line set issues In each unit by year. This helped to locate the problem units as well as determine frequency and pattern for each year. The final diagram is a cumulative chart across multiple years.

Air Handling Unit diagrams

FPS created a 3d model of the apartment exterior wall, showing framing and Mini-split A/C unit interface. This is meant to highlight the various system components showing their relationship to the building envelope, and provide context for explaining the details of how individual units failed.